There are few studies in Brazil on the role of the Public Defender’s Office in achieving reproductive justice and, specifically, in guaranteeing the right to abortion. The institutional paths are tortuous for those who request the termination of pregnancy in health services, with several barriers to access to the procedure even within legal parameters. In a scenario of legal restrictions and human rights violations, the Public Defender’s Office acts as a mediator of demands with health services or through requests for judicial authorization from the courts. This article discusses pioneering actions and initiatives by the Public Defender’s Office of the State of Rio de Janeiro in recent years to guarantee legal access to abortion, against threats of regression in law and practice.